Ashford MGT 415 WeeK 1, 2, 3 and 4 Quiz (2014) with Correct Answers

MGT 415 – WEEK 11. Which of the following are definitions of a group?· A number of individuals who join together to achieve a goal.· A collection of individuals who are interdependent in some way.· A social unit consisting of two or more persons who perceive themselves as belonging to a group.· A collection of individuals who are trying to satisfy some personal need through their joint association.· all of the above2.What distinguishes humans as a species from other animals?our sizeour speedour ability to engage in cooperative enterprisesour hearts3.When it comes to group functioning, ______ does give power.· empathy· size· skill· knowledge4. Much of the research on groups has used ____________ as the unit of analysis.· period of time the group has existed· group values· number of members· individual members5. A ___________ is a person who is skilled enough to both participate in group work and observe group process at the same time.· know-it-all· observer· stenographer· participant-observer6. This class is a learning situation. To experience psychological success in this learning situation, what is one for the necessary factors, according to Lewin?· the opportunity to practice new skills until they become habitual behaviors· a belief that you are in control of, or can influence, your own learning· extrinsic motivators that encourage further learning· role-play exercises that postitively affect attitudes and behavior7.Knowledge of ___________ has the potential to change the way we think about and function in groups.· group development· group dysfunction· group dynamics· group paradox8.Procedural learning is based on _________.· book learning· observational learning· experiential learning· none of the above9. Most group developmental change theories take one of two approaches. They are:· structured change theories and haphazard change theories· constructive change theories and recurring-phase theories· conflict resolution theories and sequential-stage theories· recurring-phase theories and sequential-stage theories10.In a skill-training program, it is helpful for the coordinator to know the following information about the participants:· expectations· experience· needs· vital data· all of the aboveWeek 2.8181819915771px;”=””>1. In analyzing the communication within a group, what levels of interaction would you try to observe?Who speaks most, who speaks to whom, and how speaking takes placeFrequency and length of interaction, and triggers for conflictFrequency and length, patterns of triggering, and who speaks to whomPatterns of conflict, patterns of support, and patterns of reaction2. Research documenting the value of diversity has focused primarily on a(n) ___________ performance on a variety of tasks.group’sindividual’sanimal’sfamily’s3. Why is humor important to effective group communication?humor promotes cohesiveness and reduces tensionhumor breaks the ice and gives one person the spotlighthumor provides a segue to intimate, personal intra-group relationships.all of the above4. What is modern racism?belief that associates a whole group of people with certain traitsbelief that most other people share your stereotypessubtle forms of prejudice in which people appear, on the surface, not to harbor prejudice but actually do hold prejudice attitudes.tendency to regard one’s own ethnic group, nation, religion, culture, or gender as being more correct than others.5. How can you minimize the possibility of miscommunication?avoid adjectives that spotlight specific groups and imply that the individual is an exceptionavoid terms that define, demean, or devalue othersnegotiate for meaning whenever you think the other person misinterpreted what you said.all of the above.6. __________ is any element that interferes with the communication process.messagereceiversnoiseinteractions7.____________ communication occurs when a person feels threatened or anticipates a threat.verbaloffensivedefensivenonverbal8. A(n) _________ is a person who translates and interprets messages, information, and new developments to groupmates.translatorgatekeeperleaderpsychologist9. The pattern of a group communication network can affect the flow of information, the way problems are solved, and the satisfaction of group members. The more complex the task, the more important it is that:The circle or wheel pattern is the form of network usedCertain patterns, such as Y, be avoidedThere be more open communication patternsAn open pattern with a designated hierarchy be used10. Based on your reading in this chapter, what can be concluded as the best way to cope with the diversity of people in groups?Student Answer: Attempt to control group composition so as to reach the most optimal level of diversity.Follow research-based recommendations for using heterogeneous groups.Strive to maximize the positive, and minimize the negative consequences of diversity.Perform further research on multiple attributes such as gender, age, and cognitive style.Week 3.8181819915771px;”=””>1. What are some examples of widespread oppression?slaveryapartheidgenocideall of the above2. How many “bases” of power are there?26483. Growth takes ____________, not ____________.leadership, managementmanagement, leadershipinnate abilities, inborn abilitiestelling, selling4.__________ are your ability to help the group achieve its goals and maintain effective working relationships among members.managing skillsleadership skillsfollowing skillshindering skills5.Rex is in a high-level management position at his company. He believes that he was born with the capacity to influence others, and that his innate social abilities have led to his success on the job. What approach to power does Rex’s opinion exemplify?inborn influencesocial exchangetrait-powertrait-factor6. Alina is the leader of a small group. She is usually considerate, encouraging, and engaged with the other members of the group and the decisions that are made. Occasionally though, she lets the group make decisions without her. Alina’s leadership style could be described as:Autocratic with elements of democracygenerally democratic, sometimes laissez-fairetypically laissez-faire, occasionally autocraticdemocratic with instances fo permissiveness7. _________ defined leadership as the ability to move the masses (through peruasion or violence).Ho Chi MinhNiccolo MachiavelliJulius CaesarAdolf Hitler8. _________ embodies a leader whose actions spoke louder than words.Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet TubmanFred FiedlerRobert Bales9. “Power exists in relationships, not in individuals, and constructive use of power requires a cooperative context.” These principles are the basis for what theory?the trait-factor approach to powerthe dynamic-interdependence approach to powerconstructive/destructive relationship theorysocial exchange theory10. The “great-person” theory implies that _________.great leaders are made and developedall the really great leaders have already lived and diedgreat leaders are born and discoveredgreat leaders don’t exist..8181819915771px;”=””>MGT 415 – Wk 41. Typically, ________ rather than _________ make more effective decisions.children; adultsindividuals; groupsgroups; individualsmen; women2. If the members of your group were trying to decide on a course of action and experienced the risky shift phenomenon, what would be occurring?group members would have agreed to shift responsibilities within the group among membersdecisions selected by the group would generally be towards the action which pose the greatest riskrisk-takers within the group would shift to being more conservative, and vice-versathe group consensus would shift over time from more risky actions to more cautious actions.3. A(n) __________ may be as simple as two group members being physically near one another or as complex as two members being in competition.internal barrierexternal barriertriggering eventindirect aggression4. ____________ is one or more group member assigned the role of challenging the testimony of all those who support the majority opinion.outside expertimpartial leadershipDevil’s advocatenonconforming entity5. In discussion among group members, Lee tries to maintain good relationships and to maximize joint benefits. How would you characterize Lee’s interaction?as integrative negotiationsas mutual responsivenessas psychological reactanceas distributive negotiations6. Decisions are by their very nature ___________.individualisticdeliberate discoursedebatablecontroversial7. According to Thomas and Schmidt (1976), managers spend what amount of their time dealing directly with conflicts?10 to 15 percent50 to 60 percent40 to 50 percent20 to 25 percent8. All of the following can be the basis for conflicts except:difference in wants, needs, goals, and valuesscarcities of certain resourcesrivalrynegotiating9. Without _________, group decisions may always be less than optimal.attractioncompetencecontroversyrebuttal10. What are superordinate goals?conflict over basic values occurring among individuals from different culturesgoals that cannot be easily ignored by members of two antagonistic groups but whose attainment is beyond the resources and efforts of either group alone.seeing the motivation for the behavior of members of other groups in terms of personality factors rather than the dynamics of inter-group conflictseeing every action of members of other groups as a move to dominate, create an advantage, or win.