GRM597 final exam -(tried my best)

1. Which of the following is true of the scientific method of
inquiry?
a. complete once the hypothesis has been tested
b. will vary depending on the specific research question
c. systematic process that is used to answer questions
d. different in basic research than in applied research
2. In true experimental designs, what does research attempt to
isolate and control?
a. factors
not tested that could be responsible for any effects except the ones being
tested
b. statistics that are used to interpret the results
c. laboratory conditions to maximize the validity of the
experiment
d. answers of the people in the study
3. What is the major difference between applied and basic
research?
a. basic research takes longer to complete
b. applied research is less important
c. basic research is more traditional
d. basic
research has no immediate application
4. What is another term for basic research?
a. real research
b. pure
research
c. applied research
d. baseline research
5. How many steps are included in the research process?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 9
6. What is the most important step in the research process?
a. testing the hypothesis
b. data collection
c. formulating the hypothesis
d. asking the question
7. Samantha is interested in studying the relationship between
gender differences and verbal
ability. This is an example of what type of research?
a. descriptive
b. quasi-experimental
c. correlational
d. gender research
8. Ann divides her classes into two groups—a treatment group and
a non-treatment group—to
test whether her new method of teaching subtraction is better
than her old method. This is an
example of what type of research?
a. historical
b. quasi-experimental
c.
correlational
d. experimental research
9. The scientific method is described in the textbook as
_____________.
a. restricted to use in correlational research
b. having no immediate application at the time research is
completed
c. a
standard sequence of steps in formulating and answering a question
d. the study of phenomena within the social and cultural context
in which they occur
10. What does a good research question usually pursue?
a. a small
part of a broad topic
b. a topic unrelated to any other topics
c. the same thing as the null hypothesis
d. a broad topic
11. Which of the following best describes independent variables?
a. not manipulated by the
experimenter
b. manipulated to assess the effect of the treatment
c. unrelated to the treatment
d. not necessary
12. Sampling allows researchers to overcome the problem of which
of the following?
a.
overcrowded laboratories
b. biased subject response
c. not having access to the whole population
d. not having access to the proper statistical methods
13. If you read that a study’s finding was significant at the p
< .05 level, you could conclude that there is a less than 5% probability that ______________. a. the results will translate to real world situations b. most researchers in that area would consider the finding to have clinical meaning c. the researchers used unreliable measures d. the results were due to chance 14. There will be no relationship between children’s time in day care and later academic achievement. This is an example of which of the following? a. a research hypothesis b. a factorial design c. a correlational hypothesis d. a null hypothesis 15. A research hypothesis _______________. a. represents an equality b. is represented by Roman symbols c. is tested indirectly d. is implicit 16. In testing whether riding a bicycle at least 30 minutes each day reduces weight, what would be the independent variable? a. the person’s age b. amount of time bicycling each day c. the person’s weight d. the person’s diet 17. Once information is collected, what is the first step in writing a literature review? a. create a unified theme for the review b. build bridges between different areas in the review c. work from an outline d. read other literature reviews 18. Which is NOT a hint to help you write your literature review? a. create a unified theme b. use a system to organize your materials c. make sure it is testable d. work from an outline 19. A well-written hypothesis _____________. a. creates a unified theme b. reflects a theory or body of literature upon which it is based c. searches through secondary sources d. uses participants in the study who have been used in similar studies 20. What does the ethical principle of “sharing benefits” mean? a. all participants in the same study should receive an equal share of the benefits or subject payments b. all those who belong to the population being studied will share equally from the benefits the study produces c. the results of studies must be shared with the public so society may benefit from the increased knowledge d. all groups involved in a study should eventually be given an opportunity to receive any treatments that were found to be effective in the study 21. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is often used as an example of a ____________. a. groundbreaking study using Facebook b. study that did not take into account ethical considerations c. study guided by the ethical guidelines of the American Medical Association (AMA) d. study that breached confidentiality of participants 22. Which is NOT a component of informed consent? a. the purpose of the research b. who you are c. how the participant can get a copy of the records d. a computer simulation of the data 23. Which of the following information should be provided in an informed consent form for any study involving human participants? a. the findings of the study b. the number of participants the study plans to use c. the procedures involved in the study d. the names of other participants 31. Which of the following statements is false? a. Validity refers to the results of a test not the test itself. b. Validity progresses from low to high degrees rather than all or none. c. A test can lack validity and still be a reliable measure. d. A test can lack reliability and still be a valid measure. 37. Dr. Brown finds that results from different methods used to assess the same trait are highly correlated and results from different methods used to assess different traits are not significantly correlated. These results demonstrate which two types of validity respectively? a. predictive and concurrent b. concurrent and predictive c. discriminant and convergent d. convergent and discriminant 39. Which assessment technique is used in field work? a. Likert scaling b. Thurstone scaling c. observation d. item analysis 40. Which of the following is NOT a component of a multiple choice question? a. the stem b. the root c. distracters d. alternatives 44. A good cover letter for a survey questionnaire has all but one of the following characteristics listed below. Which is NOT a characteristic of a good cover letter? a. The initial questions are relatively simple, nonthreatening and easy-to-answer. b. It is written on official letterhead. c. It promises confidentiality. d. It clearly states the purpose of the questionnaire and the importance of the study. 45. Which measure would be used to describe how far a test score is from the average test score? a. mean b. mode c. median d. standard deviation 46. In a set of scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5, what raw score is represented by a z-score of 1.00? a. 30 b. 55 c. 60 d. 20 50. You are interviewing classmates to find out their political party affiliation. When you pick the measure of central tendency to use in presenting your results, which should you choose? a. range b. mode c. median d. mean 52. The minimum or maximum value that one would expect the test statistic to yield if the null hypothesis is true is an example of which of the following? a. critical value b. F value c. t-test score d. sampling mean 53. What can you conclude if the obtained value of a test statistic exceeds the critical value? a. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected. b. You made an error when calculating the test statistic. c. The null hypothesis can be rejected. d. Your obtained value is not statistically significant. 55. If Professor Columbo is interested in the general trend of research findings regarding infant visual attention and childhood intelligence, what technique would be most amenable to his inquiry? a. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) b. Meta-analysis c. Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) d. Factor analysis 56. What is the standard metr 57. Which of the following statements regarding statistical significance is FALSE? a. The level of statistical significance and Type I error are the same thing. b. Statistical significance is the degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject a null when it is actually true. c. When your results are found to be statistically significant, you can conclude that they will have a meaningful effect in the clinic. d. The researcher can determine the level of statistical significance. 60. Which of the following statements is false? a. A correlation of .8 may be interpreted as very strong. b. The higher the correlation is, the larger the “jump” in explained variance. c. A scattergram is a visual representation of a correlation between two variables. d. The absolute value of the correlation coefficient is more important than the + or – sign. 63. Which of the following could be a potential problem in conducting survey research? a. information is collected over a short period of time b. producing accurate results c. getting a broad picture of what is being studied d. response rate 72. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the case study method? a. It only reflects one reality and that one may reflect researcher bias. b. Generalizability of the findings is limited. c. It cannot establish cause-and-effect links. d. It provides a rich account of what is occurring. 79. Which experimental design involves one experimental group and three control groups? a. Solomon four-group design b. pretest posttest control group design c. posttest only control group design d. quasi-experimental design 80. Why use nonequivalent control group design? a. less cost b. less time involved c. easier training d. because you cannot assign subjects to groups 81. In what design is the cause-and-effect argument strongest? a. experimental design b. quasi-experimental design c. pre-experimental design d. correlational design 82. In quasi-experimental research, when will the cause of differences between groups occur? a. during the experiment b. after the experiment c. it has already occurred d. it will never occur 84. If you want to answer a research question regarding whether a particular group of subjects experiences any significant changes in behavior as they age but you do not have the time or money for a traditional longitudinal study, which method would be acceptable? a. cross-sectional b. historical c. follow-up d. None of the above would be acceptable. 87. When reviewing the problem and purpose sections of a research article, which of the following questions would be pertinent? a. Is the review recent? b. Are the hypotheses clearly stated? c. Are the results related to the hypotheses? d. Is the objective of the study clearly stated? 89. When selecting a dependent variable, you should consider all of the following EXCEPT: a. the measure has been used before. b. the validity of the measure has been established. c. the measure comes with testing forms. d. norms are available, when applicable. 90. In a research proposal, what should follow the literature review section? a. appendices b. literature review c. implications and limitations d. method 91. In a research proposal, what should follow the implications and limitations section? a. appendices b. literature review c.implications and limitations d. method 94. Which section of a manuscript discusses the reliability of any tests that were used? a. introduction b. methods c. results d. discussion 95. Which section of a manuscript discusses the general types of data analyses that were planned and used in the study? a. introduction b. abstract c. results d. method 98. The hypothesis is most likely to appear at the end of which section of a manuscript? a. introduction b. methods c. results d. references 99. What guidelines do most journals in the social and behavioral sciences follow? a. Index Medicus b. American Psychological Association c. Society of Psychiatric Journals d. Modern Language Association 100. What material is included in the abstract? a. a one-sentence statement of the purpose b. tables showing results c. a list of sources that were consulted during the research d. discussion of the important relationships between past research, the purpose of the current study, the hypothesis and the results of the study