Hepatitis B/C and liver cancer

Post has two assignments

1: Assessment & Special Education

Order Description

Review of Literature-Due April 30, 2017 via LiveText and Blackboard Assignment Link: The candidate should research, using the sources from the Annotated Bibliography assignment compare and contrast various research findings, draw conclusions based upon findings, and lastly, present findings in a research paper format (APA 6th edition). Refer to the attached rubric for specific scoring criteria. This assignment is worth 200 points and is due no later than April 30, 2017.
This assignment is worth 200 pts. Alignment with Standards:

Council for Exceptional Children Standards:

Standard 1: Assessment

Special education specialists use valid and reliable assessment practices to minimize bias. 1.1: Special education specialists minimize bias in assessment. 1.2: Special education specialists design and implement assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of practices and programs.

Standard 4: Research and Inquiry

Special education specialists conduct, evaluate, and use inquiry to guide professional practice. 4.1: Special education specialists evaluate research and inquiry to identify effective practices. 4.2: Special education specialists use their knowledge of the professional literature to improve practices with individuals with exceptionalities and their families. 4.3: Special education specialists foster an environment that is supportive of continuous instructional improvement and engage in the design and implementation of research and inquiry.

&

1. Annotated Bibliography: Educational Diagnostics & Assessment: Develop an annotated bibliography of ten current sources (2010-present) related to assessment & special education related to student learning/selection, etc.

2: Hepatitis B/C and liver cancer

Order Description

a literature review on Hepatitis B/C and the connection with hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

The paper should follow the normal lit review outline:
Abstract
Background
Rationale
Goals and objectives
Materials/Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion/Recommendation
Appendices

Brief outline:

Background:
Hepatitis B/C –> Flaviviradae family

Transmission: parenteral –> blood, vertical, sexual (mostly blood-borne)

Diagnosis: Antibody immunoassay, RNA PCR

Treatment: Surgery (recurrence rate high), antiviral medication

Pathology:
· Cirrhosis –> liver cancer
· Cirrhosis (scarring) –> influx of new cells to heal scars à new cells can mutate to form cancerous tumors
· Inflammation
· Cell death
· Proliferation
· SESN2 (protein coding gene) expression associated with HCV infection
· 20% develop liver cancer
**Hep B –> higher risk if co-infected with Hep D**

HCC Surveillance
· Telomere length assessment –> biomarker prediction of HCC in patients with HBV or HCV
Hepatitis B/C –> Cancer prevention:
· Vaccine (TWINRIX) –> covers HDV because of co-infection with HBV
***Negative biopsy does NOT rule out HCC***

Objective:
· Conduct a literature review on the correlation between HBV/HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
· Identify possible preventative measures
Methods:
· Qualitative review of literature on hepatitis and liver cancer (HCC) correlation
Data Sources:
· PubMEd
· Keywords: cancer, hepatitis, HBV, HCV, HCC, liver cancer, liver, hepatocellular
Conclusion:
· Chronic infection with HBV/HCV can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma
o SESN2 expression
o Mutations
· Telomere length assessment –> biomarker prediction of progression to HCC in patients with HBV or HCV

Implications:
· Healthcare professionals should identify hepatitis patients who are at a high risk for liver cirrhosis and subsequent liver cancer.
· Use of biomarkers

Why is this topic important?
· Low 5-year survival rate
· Poor prognosis
· Most patients with HCV are unaware during initial stages because of no symptoms –> leads to chronic HCV
· Co-infection increases risk

liver cancer