chapter 3 mcq questions

Question 1(1 point)
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A
prediction is made from a theory and the results are just as predicted. What
can be concluded about the theory?
Question
1 options:

1)

it
has been proven true

2)

it
has been inductively supported

3)

it
has been turned into a fact

4)

it
has been disproven

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Question
2(1 point)
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The
study in the text that examined male female patterns of control over the TV
remote is a good example of a study that combines
Question
2 options:

1)

basic
and applied research

2)

field
and lab research

3)

qualitative
and quantitative research

4)

all
of the above

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Question
3(1 point)
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Which
of the following examples illustrates research that resulted from reflecting on
an everyday observation?
Question
3 options:

1)

Skinner’s
research on extinction

2)

Festinger’s
application of dissonance theory to the decision making

3)

Zeigarnik’s
decision to study the effects of incomplete tasks on memory

4)

Pfungst’s
study of Clever Hans

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Question
4(1 point)
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Two
researchers with two completely different operational definitions for
aggression nonetheless produce the same result – frustration leads to
aggression. This outcome is referred to as
Question
4 options:

1)

exact
replication

2)

operationism

3)

converging
operations

4)

serendipity

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Question
5(1 point)
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In the
early stages of designing a study, the feasibility of some procedures is often
evaluated by conducting a
Question
5 options:

1)

debate
among different members of the research team

2)

pilot
study

3)

hypothetical
“what’s next?” exercise

4)

rigorous
attempt to falsify the prediction

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Question
6(1 point)
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When is
a theory discarded?
Question
6 options:

1)

when
a study does not come out as predicted, thereby producing falsification

2)

whenever
a better theory is proposed

3)

when
empirical results consistently fail to support it

4)

when
the theory’s originator dies

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Question
7(1 point)
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Theories
that can explain all outcomes after the fact
Question
7 options:

1)

do
not allow for predictions to be made

2)

have
been falsified

3)

are
said to be highly parsimonious

4)

illustrate
the results of converging operations

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Question
8(1 point)
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The
studies by Cherry and by Broadbent, using dichotic listening, are examples of
Question
8 options:

1)

basic
research on attention

2)

applied
research on the factors that enhance the focusing of attention

3)

research
high in mundane realism but low in experimental realism

4)

basic
research on car driving

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Question
9(1 point)
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Research
in psychology is characterized by all of the following except
Question
9 options:

1)

most
research is a logical “what’s next?” consequence of a study just
completed

2)

to
avoid getting off to a bad start, most research is highly structured in its
early stages

3)

research
is more likely to be completed by research teams than individual
researchers

4)

at
the start of a research project, researchers often conduct loosely
structured pilot studies

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Question
10(1 point)
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Which
of the following distinguishes a good theory from a bad one?
Question
10 options:

1)

the
good theory has been proven true

2)

the
good theory can explain all possible research outcomes

3)

both
alternatives a. and b.

4)

none
of the above

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Question
11(1 point)
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To
reason inductively is to
Question
11 options:

1)

reason
from the specific event to the general principle

2)

reason
from the general principle to the specific event

3)

use
a modus tollens improperly

4)

affirm
the consequent

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Question
12(1 point)
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Which
of the following is the best example of converging operations?
Question
12 options:

1)

several
studies use different operational definitions of aggression yet produce the
same basic results

2)

several
studies of anxiety, each with a different operational definition of
anxiety, each yields different results

3)

researchers
from different laboratories agree ahead of time to use the same operational
definitions for intelligence

4)

researchers
from different laboratories collaborate on the same research program

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Question
13(1 point)
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Which
of the following is true about the case of Clever Hans?
Question
13 options:

1)

it
was shown to be a case of scientific fraud

2)

Pfungst
demonstrated that the most parsimonious explanation was that the horse had
a higher level of intelligence than other horses

3)

Pfungst
ruled out intelligence by showing that if the questioner didn’t know the
answer, the horse didn’t know the answer

4)

he
only answered correctly when his trainer (von Osten) knew the answer

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Question
14(1 point)
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Participants
are asked to memorize three different lists of words. The lists are presented
at three different presentation speeds. How would you classify this study?
Question
14 options:

1)

applied
research

2)

field
research

3)

basic
research

4)

both
a. and b.

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Question
15(1 point)
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A
researcher is measuring aggression. Which of the following is most clearly inadequate
as an operational definition of the term?
Question
15 options:

1)

choosing
a button which makes it difficult for another subject to complete a task

2)

honking
one’s horn at an intersection for a period of more than two seconds

3)

attempting
to harm someone

4)

delivering
electric shocks to a competitor

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Question
16(1 point)
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Some
dogs can open gates with their noses. To explain this phenomenon by attributing
logic and problem solving abilities to the dog is to
Question
16 options:

1)

give
a parsimonious explanation

2)

falsify
a simpler explanation

3)

be
guilty of a confirmation bias

4)

give
an explanation that is not very parsimonious

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Question
17(1 point)
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A
theory that has the minimum of constructs and assumptions, yet adequately
summarizes and organizes information, is said to be a(n) ________ theory.
Question
17 options:

1)

parsimonious

2)

operationalized

3)

falsified

4)

simplistic

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Question
18(1 point)
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“If
a theory is true, then event X should occur.” Which of the following
outcomes illustrates the fallacy of affirming the consequent?
Question
18 options:

1)

event
X occurs, therefore the theory has been proven true

2)

event
X occurs, therefore the theory has been supported

3)

event
X does not occur, therefore the theory has been disproven

4)

event
X does not occur, therefore the theory has not been supported

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Question
19(1 point)
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Qualitative
research is to quantitative research as _______ is to _______.
Question
19 options:

1)

analytic
narrative; inferential analysis

2)

applied
research; basic research

3)

field
research; laboratory research

4)

basic
field research; applied field research

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Question
20(1 point)
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What do
the following discoveries have in common: Skinner’s extinction curve and Hubel
and Wiesel’s feature detectors?
Question
20 options:

1)

both
examples of research ideas resulting from everyday observations

2)

both
examples of research deduced logically from theory

3)

both
examples of a serendipitous finding

4)

both
examples of failures to replicate

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