Allied PSY140 module 5 check your understanding

1.If a research finding is said to be statistically significant, this means that the research finding is unlikely to:a.have been measured via random assignment.b.occur by random chance alone.c.be replicated under laboratory conditions.d.be practically significant in real life.2.The cognitive stage lasting from about 2 years old to 7 years old is known as the _______ stage.a.sensorimotorb.preoperationac.concrete operationald.formal operational3.Which of the following is a key psychological variable of happy aging?a.Lowering activity levelsb.Involuntary retirementc.Enjoying drinking and smokingd.Ignoring myths about old age4.Generally speaking, the larger the sample size (greater number of participants), the more likely a correlation will be:a.positive.b.negative.c.greater than 1.0.d.statistically significant.5.The term ______ describes the use of oversimplified logic by adolescents.a.pseudostupidityb.psychoneuroticc.prepubericd.preadolescent6.A gosling’s inborn tendency to follow anything that moves just after hatching is an example of a type of learning called:a.stimulus generalization.b.one-trial learning.c.observational learning.d.imprinting.7.When a test is given to a large group of individuals varying in age, sex, background, and so on to form a basis for interpreting an individual’s score, the group is referred to as the _______ sample.a.standardizationb.validityc.affirmatived.normative8.Which of the following is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure?a.Nonbiasedb.Standardizationc.Reliabilityd.Validity9.The first person to develop a useful measure of intelligence was:a.Guilford.b.Binet.c.Thurstone.d.Wechsler.10.Which of the following statistics describes the spread of a series of numbers?a.Modeb.Standard deviationc.Midpointd.Mean11.The term “maturation” refers to systematic changes of the body brought about by:a.environment.b.learning.c.physical growth.d.nurture.12.If the most frequently occurring age in your classroom belongs to 19-year-olds, then 19 is the ______ age of the class.a.modalb.medianc.meand.average13.About _____ of adolescents are relatively happy and well adjusted.a.10%b.30%c.65%d.80%14.The first time a child possesses the ability of conservation occurs during the ______ stage of cognitive development.a.concrete operationsb.sensorimotorc.preoperationald.formal operations15.Most psychologists believe the roles of nature and nurture:a.are equal across many aspects of development.b.vary in importance.c.combine to form our behavior but not our thoughts.d.combine to influence behavior and our thoughts.16.We tend to use certain steps in the solution of a problem. Before we can understand the elements of a problem, we must _______ the problem.a.formulateb.generatec.analyzed.evaluate17.If you are a ______ thinker, you are more easily able to break out of mental sets and think in very creative ways.a.divergentb.convergentc.concurrentd.divested18.Piaget’s use of the term egocentric means that the child:a.cannot see things from another’s perspective.b.is very selfish at a particular age.c.lacks the power of reversibility.d.only has thoughts about themselves.19.Developmental psychology is best described as a study of:a.the physical human growth process.b.how people become individuals.c.how the environment shapes human beings.d.changes in behavior across the entire life span.20.If a cognitive psychologist were to tell you that you have a mental set, what would she mean?a.You would have more success in problem solving if you were sitting.b.You only possess two of the three mental operations of the set.c.You are solving similar problems in the same, habitual way.d.You are incapable of using heuristic reasoning—your mental set is fixed.