Religious freedom

post has three assignments

Describe Walker’s class system of civilian oversight

Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction,
middle

paragraphs and conclusion).

0 Responses must be typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e., Times New
Roman) and 12

point type size.

The text used with the class (please reference):

Law Enforcement in the 21st Century

Third Edition, 2012

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-511026-3

Heath 8. Grant and Karen J. Terry

Pearson Prentice Hall

2:Religious freedom

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the English people enjoyed religious freedom not experienced in other parts of Europe. How does religious tolerance affect all aspects of society, now and throughout history?

3:Adult Punishment

Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

Provide Part I: Revision of A Problem Exists (3-4 pages)

1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates, your Persuasive Paper Part I: A Problem Exists.

Develop Part 2: Solution to Problem and Advantages (3-4 pages for 6-8 pages total)

2. Include a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the first paragraph. (The thesis statement may need to be modified to reflect added information and purpose of this part.)

3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.

4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.

5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.

6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired) advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.

7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.

8. Provide a concluding paragraph / transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution and its advantages.

9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.

10. Use one (1) or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain advantages.

11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1 and 2. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Adult Punishment for Juveniles/Part 1
Crime has become too familiar among the young people, more than society would like to admit. The Justice Department estimates around 10 percent of homicides are committed by young people below 18 years of age. In the past years, violent crimes committed by young people had decreased significantly but took a turn in 2003 when the number of juvenile offenders increased by almost 30 percent. Today, most juvenile offenders are youths with criminal history. They are not first offenders. They deserve much more than rehabilitation which is what juvenile courts focus on. Such minors should be tried as adults.
During the 1700s, the criminal justice system did not separate juveniles and adults. Back then, children as young as seven years were charged and sentenced in adult criminal courts which brought many problems due to the lack of distinctions between gender, age or mental health. Things changed in 1825 when the Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency established the New York House of Refuge. Over the years, there have been significant changes in the criminal justice systems when it comes to juveniles. There are different laws in each state which determine when an adolescent id no longer a juvenile and can be tried as an adult (Kurlychek, 2010).
However, trying adolescents as juvenile just because of their age seems to be defeating the purpose of trying them in the first place. A criminal is a criminal despite their age and young offenders should be charged as adults so that they can learn just what it means to be responsible for one’s actions. Rehabilitation is becoming routine especially for repeat offenders to a point where they take the justice system as a joke (Levitt, 1998). In order for juveniles to be tried as adults, there are problems that need to be addressed. They include social problems, political and moral.
Society has great influence on the treatment of young offenders. People feel that they should be sympathetic to crimes committed by the youth just because of their age. Youths may be immature but they are at an age where they can tell what is right from what is wrong. At that age, committing a crime is a choice which they should be made accountable for so that they understand the weight their actions carry (Cullen, 2002). Most minors who commit crimes do not change even after rehabilitation and this causes social problems. The community treats them like outcasts. They have difficulty getting into good schools, getting good jobs or even finding friends.
It is difficult enough to live in a society with adult criminals without having to worry about juveniles too. The truth is these juveniles are very smart and some may even commit crimes for quite a while before they are actually caught. When they are finally caught, society feels sympathetic and lets them off not knowing that they are nurturing criminals who may one day progress to very serious crimes if not tamed. People need to understand that no crime is too small and no criminal is harmless either regardless of their age.
Another problem that comes out in the issue of trying minors as adults in the criminal justice system is political in nature. Laws that govern the judicial system determine how juveniles are to be treated. By the year 2009, more than 190 countries endorsed the United Nations Convention on child rights which is against life without parole for juveniles. Countries which were not part of this included the U.S and Somalia. There are many policies in regards to treatment of juveniles that need to be re-examined. Such policies have paid too much attention on the offenders because of their age and forgotten that there are victims who also deserve justice (Muncie, 2005). Acknowledging the issue of minors who commit crimes should not eliminate the need to protect the society and render justice.
The issue of charging minors as adults has been one subject of debate for many years due to its moral standing. People are more worried about whether or not trying a minor as an adult in the court is wrong or right than they are worried about the crimes these young people commit. Crimes such as murder, robbery with violence, attempted murder or rape are not to be taken lightly even if the assailant is a 15-year old (Scott, 2008). A child of that age that would voluntarily hold a gun to somebody and have them give up their belongings is beyond moral evaluation. Any criminal act committed starts way before the act takes place. The offender thinks about the crime, plans the crime and finally executes it.
Once morals are brought into the issue, the main problem which is the criminal act is buried away. Nobody in their right mind would enjoy watching a child waste away in prison which is not what justice is about. Trying a minor as an adult simply means they get to face real sentences with real consequences. There are issues of prison environment and how it can affect young people but there are conditions in the adult criminal justice system that allow for people to have their sentences reduced if it is proven that they are rehabilitated and are ready to get their lives back on track (Petersilia, 2003). If a juvenile really wants to change, they will do it and get out different people whom society and family will be glad to welcome back and help get on their feet. However, as much as minors should be treated as adults, if not handled carefully, the treatment and the conditions of their sentences could result to some serious ethical issues.
There are many problems that need to be addressed when it comes to juveniles but one thing that is clear is that something needs to be done. Social problems may never end due to the ever-ending change in society and what they think is acceptable or not but laws must be applied for everyone equally in order to protect society from unknowingly breeding its own criminals. On the other hand, policies governing juveniles must be evaluated to ensure justice is not denied in the name of protecting young people. Finally, just because minors can be tried as adults in the criminal court does not mean they stop being minors. Their rights still hold even during their sentences and if violated could result to serious ethical issues hence justice systems should take up measures to ensure such things do not happen. As long as one is at a developmental stage where their cognitive abilities allow them to differentiate between good and bad, there is no reason why minors who commit crimes should be treated any different from adult criminals.References
Cullen, F. P. (2002). Public support for correctional rehabilitation in America: Change or consistency. Changing attitudes to punishment, 128-47.
Kurlychek, M. C. (2010). Juvenility and punishment: Sentencing juveniles in adult criminal court. Criminology, 725-758.
Levitt, S. D. (1998). Juvenile crime and punishment. Journal of political Economy, 1156-1185.
Muncie, J. (2005). The globalization of crime control—the case of youth and juvenile justice: Neo-liberalism, policy convergence and international conventions. Theoretical Criminology, 35-64.
Petersilia, J. (2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. Oxford University Press.
Scott, E. S. (2008). Adolescent development and the regulation of youth crime. The Future of Children, 15-33.

Adult Punishment.religious freedom